Dorothy and the Tree Essay Example for Free

Dorothy and the Tree Essay Dorothy and the Tree: A Lesson in Epistemology Stanley Fish discusses how we in society base our lives off of assumptions. Using the example of Dorothy and the tree, Fish is able to show how with our assumptions, we as people categorize others and things into what we believe to be correct. Whether or not we have actually taken the time to figure out if we are right is irrelevant. He notes that we should just â€Å"keep trying to expand our sense of ‘us’ as far as we can†, so we can avoid judgments and isolating ourselves from the rest of society. Even though Dorothy realizes her mistake, she doesn’t realize that it is not a failure, but her consciousness assuming the classification of things in the world. Fish later on defines thought as the â€Å"structure that at once enables perception†, meaning that within categories things emerge, limiting perception and nothing can allow one to see everything because that is God’s job. Fish uses many Bible allusions to create justification for his assertions. He uses Genesis 1:26, and Paul’s road to Damascus to show that people can be persuaded to change their placement of things in society. Despite all of his valid points, Fish states that it is nearly impossible for one to change just on realizations. He believes it takes practice to accept the fact that there are things that we cannot comprehend because there is no limit on the conceptual trappings of society.

The Coral Ecosystem And How It Is Changing :: essays research papers

Coral reefs are one of nature’s most magnificent creations, filled with thousands of unique and valuable plants and animals. More than one quarter of all marine animals is dependent on coral reefs. Coral reefs are also a source of food and income for millions of people too. The coral reef ecosystems benefit humans commercially, recreationally and environmentally. Because of the complex interconnections between coral reefs, mangrove forests, sea grass beds, and many other different plants and animals, coral is very susceptible to destruction. One small change in any of these things can affect mass quantities of coral. That is why it is important to educate people about coral and how complex of a species they really are. That is the purpose of this report, to educate you and make you aware of that complexity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coral is often mistakenly identified as a rock, but in all actuality, it is an animal. The actual coral is composed of small animals called coral polyps. Most polyps are very small, although rare species can grow quite large. One coral branch or mound is composed of thousands of polyps. These thousands of polyps are called a coral colony. Polyps are nocturnal and stay inside their skeletons during the day. However, at night they can be seen when they stick their tentacles out to feed. Corals reproduce in many different ways. Some species are hermaphrodites, and produce both sperm and eggs, and some are single sexed organisms. They can reproduce both sexually or asexually. In most species, the egg and sperm are released into the water and random fertilization occurs. This is called coral spawning. The larva is attracted to the light and swims to the surface of the water where it remains for weeks. If the larva can survive without being eaten by predators, it will sink back to the bottom of the ocean floor. Hear it will attach itself to a hard substrate and will grow into a coral polyp. At this point, the coral polyp begins to reproduce asexually. As new polyps are built and added a colony develops. Eventually the coral colony matures and begins to reproduce sexually again, adding to the ever-continual cycle of life. One of the most amazing aspects of coral reproduction is that of mass coral spawning. In many parts of the world, on the same night of the year, every coral will spawn at the same time.

Marriott Corporation” the Cost of Capital Essay

What is the weighted average cost of capital for the Marriott Corporation and cost of capital for each of its divisions? – What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – How did you measure the cost of debt? – How did you measure the beta for each division? Solution What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – Risk-free rate proxy The risk-free rate is determined using the yields of U.S. Treasury securities, which are risk-free from default risk. U.S. Treasuries are subject to interest rate risk, therefore, the selected maturity should correspond to an investment horizon[1]. – Investment horizon According to the cost-of-capital calculation methodology used by Marriott Corporation, lodging division was treated as long-term, while restaurant and contract services divisions were treated as short-term because those assets had shorter useful lives. – Expected return proxy Arithmetic average return is more suitable than geometric mean as it is better in estimating an investment’s expected return over a future horizon based on its past performance (geometric mean is a better description of long-term historical performance of an investment). – Risk-free interest rate Taking into account the above, arithmetic average annual returns of long-term U.S. government bonds for the period 1951-1987 (4.88%, see Appendix 1) is  considered to be risk-free rate for lodging division. Arithmetic average annual returns of short-term U.S. government bonds for year 1987 (5.46%, see Case Exhibit 4) is considered to be risk-free rate for restaurant and contract services divisions. – Market proxy S&P 500 index is selected as a market proxy as it is believed to be close to the true market portfolio. As it is important to use historical returns for the same market index used to calculate beta (which is given), an assumption is made that the given leverage data is calculated based on the same S&P 500 index. – Market risk premium Market risk premium should be calculated for the same horizon as that used for the risk-free interest rate. Thus a spread between S&P 500 composite returns and long-term U.S. government bond returns for the period 1951-1987 (7.88%, see Appendix 2) is a market risk premium for lodging division. A spread between S&P 500 composite returns and short-term U.S. government bond returns for year 1987 (-0.23%, see Case Exhibit 5) is a market risk premium for restaurant and contract services divisions. How did you measure the cost of debt? Marriott Corporation and each division are given market value-target leverage ratios and credit spreads as well as U.S. government interest rates as of April 1988 (see Case Tables A and B). According to investment horizons discussed above, the following cost of debt is estimated: How did you measure the beta for each division? Ideally, when estimating beta by using past returns, time interval should be consistent with an investment horizon. Betas given in Case Exhibit 3 are estimated over 1986-1987 period. As these are the only betas given, they are assumed to be relevant for both long-term and short-term investment horizons. Equity betas of each division are calculated from comparable hotel and restaurant companies. Equity betas are then unlevered taking into account financing structure of each company according to the following formula: [pic], where Tax = 40% An average of unlevered betas of comparable companies is assumed to be a proxy for unlevered betas of Marriott divisions. For calculations of unlevered betas for each division see Appendix 4. What is the weighted average cost of capital for the Marriott Corporation and cost of capital for each of its divisions? WACC is calculated according to the formula given in the case taking into account the tax shield. Cost of equity is calculated according to CAPM model.

The Advertisement Of Carl Jr. - 1059 Words

Advertisements are everywhere these days and can be extremely annoying. They will try and get people to buy anything from food to cars and everything else in between. Advertisements have also started to rely heavily on the sexual elements to sell its products. An example of this advertisement would be the ad for Carl’s Jr. or Hardee’s. In this ad, it features Paris Hilton standing in a very seductive way holding a cheeseburger. She takes up half of the ad while the other half is of the actual product with some text. Carl’s Jr. started these racy ads back in 2005 and are known to feature models in bikinis in their advertisements to try and attract younger men. This advertisement heavily relies on sexual appeal to sell its products by using a very sexy and provocative Paris Hilton and using double entendre in its text. The intended audience for this Carl’s Jr. Ad is men and only men. This advertisement uses a lot of sexual elements to get men to go to any local Carl’s Jr. and buy themselves a burger. A way that this ad captures the audience is by using pathos. The main part of the pathos appeal is with the sex appeal of Paris Hilton in the photo. They are trying to connect to the emotional side of men. By using Paris Hilton as one of the main focuses, the advertisement can lead men to think that by eating at Carl’s Jr. they can get themselves a woman like Paris Hilton, but if you have ever gone to a Carl’s Jr. before, that is clearly not the case. Another way they are tryingShow MoreRelatedCarls Jr. Commercial1048 Words   |  5 Pagesmen that can be tricked by a mere image of a woman, in a bikini, eating a cheese burger. The advertisements in today’s world have been altered to use women as bait to reel in men and buy the product without any hesitation. If I told you that if you go to Carl’s Jr. and purchase a cheeseburger and a gorgeous model comes with the burger, would you buy it? I sure would†¦if only it were true. Carl’s Jr. is known for having its famous juicy, charbroiled, seven hundred calorie burgers. AnytimeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis on Heidi Klum’s Carl’s Jr. Commercial1109 Words   |  5 PagesThe Carl’s Jr. â€Å"Jim Beam Bourbon Burger† featuring the beautiful Heidi Klum, is one of the company’s top ten commercials. It begins with the model dressed as a parody of Mrs.Robinsons from the movie â€Å"The Graduate†. She continues the commercial by asking a young man name Benjamin, located across the room if he likes bourbon burgers; then takes a big sexual yet nice bite of the burger in her hand. Walking across the room she stops the young man from leaving while shoving the burger into his mouthRead MoreSex Sells : Our World Revolves Around Sex1390 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is one reason for this; sex sells. 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This is a very important aspect of marketing, and often times a good or bad promotional campaign can make or break a product or service (Perreault, Jr. McCarthy,2005). The final P in the marketing mix is Pricing, which is the most difficult element toRead MoreBurger King : A Great Place For Run A Business, Like Burger Kings Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesbuilding in a strip mall and across the street from Arapahoe High School. On the other side is a townhouse complex. Overall, this is an ideal spot for Burger King. Quicklook: Direct Competition - McDonald’s, Smashburger, Five Guys, Wendy’s, Carl s Jr., Jack in the Box, Good Times Indirect Competition - KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, Del Taco, Subway, Chipotle, Jersey Mike s Subs, Arby’s, Chick-Fil-A Economic - In the community, most people can afford to buy food from Burger King because BurgerRead MoreFast Food War in Singapore673 Words   |  3 Pagestweaking to be suited to consumers abroad. Q4. What type of promotional strategy should each major competitor use? McDonalds encouragement of the nag factor amongst children suggests that promoting the product to children using toys and advertisements would be the best possible strategy. Pizza Hut clearly promotes itself based upon convenience the convenience of tailoring the pizza to the consumers needs and the convenience of delivery. Coupons for discounted delivery and free toppings areRead MoreLove Yourself, There’s No One Better1294 Words   |  6 PagesMarilyn Monroe once said, â€Å"Wanting to be someone else is a waste of the person you are.† Self-esteem is a big controversial issue in our country today. Self-esteem is the confidence in one’s own worth or abilities. Carl Rodgers was the first psychologist to study the benefits of self-esteem. The self-esteem movement began around 1969 and there was a big push when the ‘me’ generation began in 1985 (Stephenson, 2004). 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