U.s. Foreign Policy During The Middle East - 1991 Words

For over the last two decades the Middle East has gradually gathered attention and has come to the forefront of U.S. foreign policy. The focus on this region began primarily after the attacks on the two World Trade Center’s in New York City on September 11th, 2001. Iraq was the initial target in the response to the devastating tragedy. This â€Å"response† involved an indefinite occupation with the intention of eliminating â€Å"weapons of mass destruction†, with intelligence under the Bush Administration allegedly confirming their existence. As this undeclared war on Iraq took place, U.S. foreign policy was initiated. It consisted of bringing down an authoritarian regime and establishing democracy within the state of Iraq, along with decimating any potential threats to the U.S. homeland. The major threat lying with terrorist organizations in the region such as Al-Qaeda, who were to blame for the 9/11 attacks on U.S. soil. Eventually the deployment of troops into Iraq was left without any particular cause, due to the revelation that Saddam Hussein’s regime had no possession of any nuclear weapons. And as U.S. troops struggled to figure out exactly what they were fighting for, an insurgency began to emerge. Is the U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East the cause of insurgency in the region along with the eventual formation of militant groups such as ISIS? The policies carried out by the United States consisted of establishing order and democracy in a state while also preventing anyShow MoreRelatedU.s. Foreign Policy Policies1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. foreign policy has always been linked to the domestic policy since the U.S. never feared of expanding its national interests over the national boarders. Isolation for the U.S. usually implied slow economic growth and the large number of destructive conflicts within, while impudent foreign policy always guaranteed an abrupt economic growth for the U.S. economy. After the U.S. inte rvened in the WWI and the WWII, the U.S. economy witnessed a tremendous economic growth, nearly elimination ofRead MoreSecretary Of State Condoleezza Rice1097 Words   |  5 Pagesof 2005, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice went up to 600 people at the American University in Cairo and delivered a very powerful speech on the advancement of democracy in the Middle East. â€Å"For 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East, and we achieved neither, she declared, â€Å"Now we are taking a different course. We are supporting the democratic aspirations of all people.† Her speech was seen as an attack on theRead MoreInternational Policy Between Western Countries And The Middle East Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 1) ISIS changed foreign policy between western countries and the Middle East Data Analysis and Sources: *Empirical history USA Foreign policy: From 1945 to 1990 the United States of America kept an important military deployment in Europe and Asia and in contrast they had a low military footprint in the Middle East counting relying instead on their local allies; more particularly the conservative Arab monarchies in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Persian gulf and hadRead MoreThe Eisenhower Doctrine Of The Middle East1587 Words   |  7 Pages The Eisenhower Doctrine in the Middle East Mahmoud Mseddi History Society L2G1 Mediterranean School of Business November 29, 2015 â€Æ' The Eisenhower Doctrine in the Middle East Dwight David Ike Eisenhower was the 34th president of the United States of America and was in office from 1953 until 1961. His presidency can be considered as a bumpy but remarkable road from the foreign affairs side. Taking over the office during the cold war, he fiercely protected his country and his allies againstRead MoreIs The Cold War Really Over?1430 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan with ideological battles in the West and East. Political tensions and events are growing in the current conflicts in the Middle East and varied countries. The term â€Å"cold war† has rose again as new conflicts emerged from the Cold War era. After the prolong conflict between the West and East, the two sides continued their movement to bring sphere of influence over foreign countries. There are factors that concern upon the political events in foreign nations such as the War on Terror, Russian interventionRead MoreTo What Extent Did the Activities in Iran Prove Detrimental To Foreign Policy in the Reagan Administration?1745 Words   |  7 Pagesassesses the Reagan Administration and its inconsistent foreign policy in regards to Iran. The Iran-Contra Affair was a controversial crisis for the fortieth president. It involved two parts: the selling of weapons to Iran and then the siphoning of that money to Nicaragua. However, in this investigation, the situation with Iran will be more prominently discussed, rather than the Nicaraguan situation. The foreign policy pertaining to the Middle East will be analyzed for its confusion and complexity. TheRead MoreThe Pitfalls of American Interventionism Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of Middle Eastern terrorism since June 5th, 1968, when Sirhan Sirhan, a Palestinian acting alone, shot and killed Senator Robert F. Kennedy in response to some pro-Israeli statements he made (Eland 10). United States support for the newly formed Israel had garnered a lot of hatred from native Palestinians, and Sirhan’s attack marked the b eginning of anti-American sentiment in the region. Starting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the United States had been interfering in the Middle East, usingRead MorePresident Obam A Progressive And Pragmatist850 Words   |  4 Pagespresident who is both a progressive and pragmatist. His approach at times can be progressive and at other times he is pragmatic when it comes to foreign policy issues. Also, he characterizes his foreign policy by being clearly being engaged in international affairs multilaterally and committed to humanitarianism. It is also interesting to note his foreign policy stance prior to becoming president, and Obama’s values themes, and perspectives on doctrine is outlined in his essay named â€Å"Renewing AmericanRead MoreHistory Of The Middle East1535 Words   |  7 Pages The United States first became involved with the Middle East during World War II. In the 50 years that followed, tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union tightened over political and economic aspirations in the Middle East. Eventually, most of the countries in the Middle East adopted a new idea of government that was based off of extreme Islamic views. When this happened, the United States’ involvement with the Middle East lessened, but they stayed present as they were a prime sourceRead MoreGeorge W. Bush s Foreign Policy Successful1601 Words   |  7 PagesBush’s foreign policy successful?  ¬ â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel American resolve† - George. W. Bush Prior to World War I, the United States’ foreign policy remained predominantly isolated. However, upon the end of the war, American foreign policy saw a pragmatic shift from its original isolationistic nature to XXXXX . America’s policy then

Sustainability Using Renewable Energy And The Governments...

Despite the fact that the firms have been more inclined towards ensuring sustainability using renewable energy and the governments have instilled regulations to ensure that firms comply with the multitude of environmental rules and standards, the carbon footprint of the world has increased. Per a report published by the World Bank, the C02 emissions in 2000 was 4.034 metric tons per capita and in 2015 it increased to 4.996 metric tons per capita (C02 emissions, The World Bank). Even though the C02 emissions are increasing with a decreasing pace, the per year value has still gone up over the last 10 years. This indicates that while green businesses and a sustainable mindset has been the norm in organizations and their cultures, it still has not led to a fall in carbon emissions per year. The right mindset will aid the step in the right direction but the right execution is what will yield sustainable results. In 1997, Toyota launched the Prius which was the first ever full-hybrid electric vehicle and launched it in Japan and then in the United States. When in 1995 Toyota, a company known to be a ‘fast follower’ rather than a pioneer, announced that it is going to mass produce the first hybrid electric vehicle the general skepticism was high. In a time when chasing horsepower and breaking bounds of luxury was the norm, a hybrid vehicle was thought to be an avenue that would not be innovative or financially feasible. The Prius is an example of Disruptive Innovation as itShow MoreRelatedReview of Current Trend in Sustainable Manufacturing2827 Words   |  12 Pagesthere are some factors that still need to be ironed out so that manufacturing can go full swing into sustainable manufacturing. Sustainable manufacturing goal can be achieved through sourcing for materials locally, using natural resources for production instead of too much chemical, energy and resource conservation, r ecycling where whatever waste that the industry produces should and can be recycled and education about environment conservation through sustainable manufacturing to all. These importantRead MoreEssay about Whole Foods Market16819 Words   |  68 PagesUnited Kingdom. Whole Foods was founded by John Mackey, Renee Lawson Hardy, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. Whole Foods seeks out the finest natural and organic foods available, maintaining the strictest quality standards in the industry. They also have an unshakeable commitment to sustainable agriculture.[2] See Appendix A for a more detailed history. 1.2 Organization Mission Whole Foods talks about their mission in terms of â€Å"Whole Foods – Whole People – Whole Planet.† Each of these elementsRead MoreUrban Sprawl: Abu Dhabi Context7376 Words   |  30 Pagessprawling cities, like long distant commutes lack of pedestrian habits. Urban sprawls also allegedly encroach into the rural and perhaps greener lands outside the city, destroying the flora and fauna that depends on it. Over recent centuries, cities have come to be the single most significant form of collective human dwelling 6 and like any other aspect of human civilization which is directly related to its population, cities are destined to grow. More often than not, such a growth is spurredRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 Pagesfrom a wide range of sources, starting with national statistics offices. This information was cross-checked for consistency, probability and mathematical accuracy. As well, the report seeks to fill the gaps in the official national statistics by using private-sector surveys and official pan-regional and global sources. Furthermore, Euromonitor International has undertaken an extensive amount of modelling in order to generate unique datasets that complement the available national standards. TheRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesGovernment of India b i n n o v a i c u l t u r w u s i n e s f E N T R E P R E N E UR S H I P m n a d c a t i o n u o n P l o y m e n t l t h e v i r o n m e n t n a n c e A Study by National Knowledge Commission Entrepreneurship in India National Knowledge Commission 2008  ©National Knowledge Commission, 2008 This report has been prepared by Amlanjyoti Goswami, Namita Dalmia and Megha Pradhan with support and guidance from Dr. Ashok Kolaskar and Mr. Sunil Bahri. TableRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesand Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years

American history since 1876 Free Essays

Wars often have a significant impact upon the domestic development of a nation. Every nation at one point or the other has experienced a war of some sort and this has gone a long way in shaping economic, political and social lives of citizens. United States in particular had a fair share of wars especially looking back at the last two or so decades. We will write a custom essay sample on American history since 1876 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The World War and the Cold War were very instrumental in shaping what the United States of America is today. This discussion looks at how these two wars brought about changes in the political, social and economic arenas (Martin, G. S. 2004). The Second World War commonly referred to as World War 2 was conflict in the military that was felt throughout the world by all nations. The Cold War on the other hand was subsequent to the Second World War and it was a conflict between the western region of the world led by U. S and the Soviet Union. The effects of the world war were evident in many countries and United States was no exception. The effects were both negative and positive. They were negative in the sense there was a lot of destruction of property and many lives were lost. However there are also many positive effects in that many developments were achieved. The first notable development was in the area of technology. It is during the world war that the forerunner was developed which would later bring about the development of television. This paved way for the growth of the economy of what was later to become the world’s superpower. It was not all about growth. As already mentioned the Second World War also had far reaching negative effects. One of the greatest economic devastations that have always been associated with the Second World War was the Great Depression where banks closed unemployment soared as factories closed down, people starved, there were long queues for bread and the rural folks lost their mortgages. It was due to deteriorated housing conditions, unbearable working conditions and unavailability of essential commodities that is said to have brought the economic growth down. The government’s ability to control the economy through control over spending and consumption emerged during the great depression. It is thus believed that the Great Depression did contribute indirectly to the growth of the economy of the U. S. It is also clear that the Cold War left the U. S as the only super power with Russia having collapsed (Martin, G. S. 2004). The World War 2 and the Cold did also have effects on the social and cultural life of the Americans. It was evident that after such a long period of war American citizens were finding it hard to adjust to the ordinary life. It took them a couple of years before they could adjust but finally they were able to. However from research conducted there are clear indications that the general living standards of American citizens improved. In conclusion it is clear that the Second World War and the Cold war did have a great impact in the international community and United States in particular. The effects were both positive and negative. However in most cases the positive effects are more visible as America emerged as the world’s super power due to these wars. Words: 555 Reference: Martin, G. S. (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History, New York: SAGE. How to cite American history since 1876, Papers

Cypop 5 free essay sample

It helps children to deal with difficult circumstances such as emotional stress or medical treatments. Play gives children chance to let off steam and have fun. Children learn when they are in a safe and caring environment. They are stimulated through play. Babies and young children develop best when they are in a caring relationship with an adult. A baby will learn to walk faster when they have a safe pair of arms to walk towards and learn to talk when they have an adult who listens to them and responds accordingly. I aim to provide children with an environment that is caring, fun and stimulating. I aim to expand each childs individual, intellectual, physical and emotional capacities within a secure environment where each child, will be confident and settled. I will implement ideas from the EYFS and I will provide activities/opportunities that support the six main learning areas which are : * Knowledge Understanding Of the World * Personal social and emotional development * Communication language and literacy * Creative Development * Physical Development * Problem solving, Reasoning and Numeracy. Each child will be able to choose their own activities and access continuous provision throughout these six areas. Activities will be both planned and spontaneous according to your child’s preference. My weekly plan will be dependent on the children in my care and their ages and stages of development although I will be attending various groups and clubs within the local area that I live. Sample weekly plan: Morning afternoon Monday outdoor playchildren’s centre childminders group Tuesday -soft indoor play (wacky)creative play/ arts and crafts Wednesday-country park/ play areachildren’s centre playgroup Thursday baking/cookingoutdoor play Friday children’s centre groupindoor play at home Play can be constructed to fulfil areas of the EYFS, especially any areas where a child may be struggling, such as Playing with sand Texture, Weight, Pouring through containers, colours, measuring, shapes, make sand castles etc this can link to the following areas of the EYFS– personal development – personal, social and emotional development creative development – communication language and literacy All of the above would be flexible dependant on the children and any new sessions that can be accessed. Before any weekly plan can be made you would need to observe the children in your care to produce a plan that is appropriate to their development this will also help identify when to add/remove new toys/resources. I will use Natural resources and household items to provide stimulating play for the children to look after such as Sawdust and Bark for dinosaur play, jugs, funnels, guttering for water play, blankets pillows and throws and pegs for den building and communication friendly spaces etc. All children are individuals first, each with a unique profile of abilities. All planning starts with observing children in order to understand and consider their interests, development and learning. I will make systematic observations and assessments of each child’s achievements ,interests and learning styles. I will use these observations and assessments to identify learning priorities and plan relevant and motivating learning experiences for each child that I care for. I will match their observations to the expectations of the development matters principles. I will need to make regular observations on each child, using different techniques. These may include photographs, tick lists written observations and photographs. Where a child is not achieving their development goals I may then decide to speak to the parents regarding accessing other services for the child. All children need to feel valued and given the same options. I will ensure that children, parents/carers and visitors have equal rights and choices. Everyone will be given the respect that we all deserve as individuals. No person will be discriminated against and any remarks or comments of this kind will be challenged and discussed to ensure that it does not happen again. I welcome and include all children, their families and members of the community into my setting and I will ensure my setting is accessible to everyone. If a child in my care had specific requirements, certain changes would be made to the interior and exterior of my premises, dependent on the individuals circumstances. Certain activities are also adapted. All the children who come to my setting will have the same opportunities available to them. I am aware of the following legislation, The Children’s Act, The disability Act, UN convention on the Right of the Child, The children’s Bill 2004 and the Special Educational Needs Discrimination Act 2001. I will talk to different specialist groups, health visitors and read appropriate books to learn more about the condition and needs of the child, thus enabling me to provide the best possible care. If a child required assistance from a speech therapist or occupational therapist, then this could be arranged at my setting if it was more convenient for parents. I will do displays and have equipment in my setting that promotes a positive multi cultural attitude. I welcome parents/carers and visitors to talk about cultures, religions, food, clothes etc. I will never refuse or exclude a child. I will build on each child’s previous experience when accessing play opportunities. I will enable children to gain confidence and independence in play and identify individual requirements and provide appropriate support as/when required. I will also borrow and gain resources to enhance the inclusion of children with mobility or sensory difficulties. During snack time I will encourage children to help where appropriate eg. Older children could help butter crackers, or younger children could help divide fruit onto plates, I will encourage the children to help prepare our shopping list for the week for snacks and mealtimes and also encourage them to help with the meal plan for the week. During our week I will plan our activites a sample week could include : Monday : AM – Childrens centre drop in PM – Park weather dependant Tuesday AM – Wacky Warehouse PM – play at home LEGO, PUZZLES and nap time Wednesday AM –

Is Barrack Obama like Hitler

For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions

For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions For Free and Other Pleonastic Expressions By Maeve Maddox pleonasm: The use of more words in a sentence or clause than are necessary to express the meaning Pleonastic expressions are common in conversation. We all use turns of phrase in which we repeat ourselves: â€Å"the books were few in number,† â€Å"We made advance dinner reservations,† â€Å"I know with positive certainty.† few: adjective. amounting to a small number. reservation: noun. an act of engaging a seat, room, place, ticket, vehicle, etc., in advance; positive: adjective. expressed without qualification; certain. In casual conversation, speakers may be forgiven these verbal tics, but advertisers and journalists can be expected to aim to minimize redundancy in their copy. Here are some examples from the web: Twenty-One Cool Products And Services You Can Get For Free â€Å"An unexpected surprise† (very popular headline for hotel reviews) The Borden twist is that Borden and Fallon are a pair of identical twins who take turns as each persona. Las Vegas has its share of annoying pests. Future prospects remain bright for agricultural graduates Do you want to give your child everything he needs to succeed as a baseball player? Good! Teach them the basic fundamentals when they are small. What is the current consensus of opinion concerning the relationship of REM sleep to emotional stability? Poorer soils are usually paler brown in color the green color shows a few raindrops, but the red color indicates very intense rain. County Schools Report Card Scores Show Good Improvement for free: If something is â€Å"free,† it is â€Å"given out of generosity and not in return for something else.† The formation â€Å"for free† has probably developed by analogy with â€Å"for nothing,† One can get â€Å"something for nothing,† A â€Å"free gift† is also pleonastic; the most common meaning of gift is â€Å"something given without charge,† i.e., â€Å"free.† It is enough for advertisers to announce that something is available free: â€Å"Buy a computer and get a printer free.† unexpected surprise: a surprise is an unexpected occurrence or event. pair of identical twins: Two children or young brought forth at one birth are twins. A pair is â€Å"a couple; a set of two.† It’s enough to say that the men are â€Å"identical twins.† annoying pests: In the figurative sense, a pest is â€Å"an annoying person or thing.† future prospects: The word prospects in this context refers to future occasions or events. basic fundamental: Fundamental means â€Å"serving as the foundation or base on which something is built.† The adjective basic means â€Å"Of, pertaining to, or forming a base; fundamental.† consensus of opinion: The word consensus is enough. It means â€Å"Agreement in opinion.† brown in color, green color, red color: A color is a hue or tint. Brown, green, and red are colors. It is rarely necessary to say so when describing a weather map or other depiction in color. It’s enough to say, â€Å"The red indicates intense rain.† good improvement: The word improvement includes the idea of â€Å"good.† There’s no such thing as â€Å"bad improvement.† The word can be modified in terms of degree. For example, â€Å"slight improvement,† and â€Å"minor improvement.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingMood vs. Tense

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Political Science - Essay Example ssumed that, â€Å"in the face of a convergence in canons of taste, conceptions of work, recreation, and consumption, people would also take on a more international identity and thus render the nation-state less salient than in the past.† (140) However, as it turned out, neither communications nor the wonders of technology could significantly erode the nation-state. As a matter of fact, it appears to reinforce it. In the perspective of the realists, countries must deal with the challenges that globalization brings by expansive projection of national power such as through increases in military capacities and efforts to open its market to foreign trade. The realism approach to international relations is anchored on the idea that the current international system is inherently lawless that a nation can protect itself from the power of others through alliances and diplomacy if possible and military force if necessary. (Starr 2007, 114) Amid globalization, we have seen the reemergence of rampant nationalism as illustrated in the Balkan conflict, in the areas of the former Soviet Union and to some degree, the relationship of countries within the European Union, one of the success stories of global integration. The realist perspec tive fosters nationalism and the strengthening of national institutions to address the challenges that international economics, politics and security entail. In this theory, a higher level of integration is not necessary to address international challenges. The idea is that integration must be used as a tool to advance national interest and not the way around. Essay Question : Which of these theories - realism, liberal institutionalism, constructivism, and dependency theory- in your view, best explains the central themes and events of the post-Cold War world? While I may be tempted to choose liberalism or dependency theory to explain international contemporary relations, I feel that more recent developments requires us to examine the merits of

Strategies for People Management Case Study Essay

Strategies for People Management Case Study - Essay Example The immediate problem concerns a production worker who was found inebriated (in a drunken state) in the locker room during her Friday night shift. The supervisor was not sure whether she could ask the nurse to request the employee to submit to a test for alcohol but the problem was solved when the employee said that she had taken a coffee flask filled with Vodka into the factory and had, progressively as the night shift wore on, drunk her way through its contents until she was no longer capable of standing. Luckily she had lain down on a bench in the locker room and fallen asleep; where her supervisor had found her. The consequences of the production worker falling whilst on the production-floor were unthinkable. Her supervisor had dealt with the immediate problem proficiently; calling in the duty nurse who made sure the employee was safe and stable in the company infirmary before arranging transport home. The production worker was handed over to her partner as dawn was breaking and a letter was left advising her, the production worker, not to return to work on her normal Monday morning early shift but to report to the Production Manager’s office at 3 p.m. this afternoon. Clearly the production manager wishes you to advise her on how she should handle the immediate situation but there is also a wider concern because you are aware that the company does not have either a strategy or policy on alcohol or similar abuse in the workplace. Your task is to: a. Decide how you will advise the production manager how she would proceed when she meets with the employee this afternoon. b. Prepare a paper which addresses the longer term strategy and policy issues which the case has brought to light. You are shocked when some initial research from a CIPD report on Drugs and Alcohol abuse highlights that: â€Å". . . The bare facts on alcohol consumption and drug use in the UK are

Benefits to Bailing Out the Big 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Benefits to Bailing Out the Big 3 - Essay Example Sure, these companies will be subject to certain conditions when borrowing federal money; however, it is no different if they were to borrow from a bank. Banks also like to see what the borrowed money will be used for, and in some instances, they like to see an entire plan drafted up before letting the money go. Lenders like to see that the one they are lending to has a purpose for borrowing from them, and the borrower is subject to those terms until the loan is paid off. While numerous individuals put a lot of effort into disputing why helping these three companies with their losses is not a good idea, there are a number of reasons why the bail out of these three companies makes great sense for the American people. First of all, we must look at how long these three companies have been in business, as well as the history behind these companies. Ford has been in business since 1903, when it was first founded by Henry Ford, Sr. The first car manufactured by the ford family, known as the Model T, was ready to deliver to the public in 1925. This company was the first to put the first car on the road, as well as the first to make cars available to the masses. Ford made sure just about anyone could afford to have a car, as they did whatever possible to cater to those of the middle class. Not to mention, Ford is big on human rights and providing jobs to the jobless, and their priority has always been to make sure that everyone working for them receives fair wages, as they were the first to enact a five dollar a day policy. Ford has been proven to make a large impact on America, even today. Ford has always done business in this fashion since their very beginning, as they have always been all about the people (NPR), (Ford Motor Company). Then, there is General Motors, a company that has been around almost just as long as Ford. General Motors is the manufacturer of some of the most popular cars, such as the Cadillac, the Pontiac, and the Hummer, a car that a lot of people try to get their hands on to drive in ultimate luxury ("Merchandise," General Motors). General Motors was founded in 1908 by William C. Durant, and has now become the world's largest manufacturer of cars. Though General Motors has had a rocky history-the company sinking into debt after doing well for two years, Durant resigning from his company in 1920 to later file for personal bankruptcy, a violent sit-down strike in Flint Michigan by hourly workers in the year 1937, another strike occurring for one hundred and thirteen days between 1945 and 1946, being convicted of conspiracy in 1949, losing more than $750,000,000 in 1980 due to the drop in sales on cars and trucks, and another strike that occurred in 1998 that almost shut down all of General Mot or's production in North America-they have accomplished a great deal. Some of the accomplishments of General Motors was that a Cadillac was made with the first electric self starter in history, General Motors accounted for twelve percent of the car market in the United States, they expanded to working overseas, first starting in Britain and Germany between 1925 to 1929, their market shares rose to 41% in 1941, were the first to manufacture cars with air conditioning,, and they have gone as far as to selling cars in

Awareness towards the children right

Awareness towards the children right Children are regarded as precious gifts from God. It is rather curious and unfortunate that these same children are subjected to abuses and neglect. Universally, childhood is recognized as a period of sensitivity requiring special care, attention and protection (Awosola, 2008). Thus, children should know about their rights. However, the children awareness towards their rights is depending on the exposure that they got from the adult. It is the responsibility of the adult to educate the children regarding their rights. In Malaysia, the children are protected under the Child Act 2001 which covers the Juvenile Courts Act 1947, the Women and Young Girls Protection Act 1973, and the Child Protection Act 1991. It was enacted partially in order to fulfill Malaysias obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Convention on the Rights of the Child). The Convention is divided into three parts containing 54 articles. It covers four broad areas of rights. The firs t is Survival Rights which include adequate living standards and access to medical services. Next is Development Rights that include education, access to information, play, leisure and cultural activities, freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Another area is Protection Rights which cover all forms of exploitation and cruelty, arbitrary separation from family and abuses of the criminal justice system. Last but not least, Participation Rights that include the freedom to express opinions and to have a say in matters affecting a young persons life. This research is focusing on the right to participate among the pupil. Childrens participation is especially important in fighting their exploitation. Problem Statement The awareness towards the children right is important for the children for them to know the things that they deserve to get as children. According to the Convention on the Right of the Child, in participation right the child have three rights, which is right of expression, association and a childs opinion. These rights can be seen in its practice at home, school and in general the society. This exploratory study was designed to find out the extent to which the primary school children were aware of their rights and practice the right to participate. Although this is a small-scale study with severe limitations with regard to generalization of the findings, it is nevertheless useful, as Melton and Limber (1992) have pointed out, for designing structures and procedures for implementation of childrens rights in a manner that is protective of childrens dignity (Ejieh, 2009). Research Objectives and Questions 1.3.1 The objectives of this study are: 1) To investigate the level of the primary school pupils awareness of their rights? 2) To explore if childs rights awareness among pupils are affected by their gender and age? 3) To determine how far the right to participate is exercised. 1.3.2 Research Questions. This study is set to ask the following questions: 1) Do the pupils know about the existence of children right? 2) Does right to participate are exercise at home, school and society? 2) Does age group influence their level of awareness? 3) Which gender is more aware of their rights? Scope of Study 1.4.1 Area of Research The area of research will be the level of awareness on children rights and the exercise of the right to participate among the primary pupils in Smk.St. Mary Limbahau Papar. Respondents of the research The respondents for this study are the primary pupils at Smk St.Mary Limbahau Papar. Questionnaires will be distributed randomly to the pupils from different classes. Duration of the research. The duration for this study is about two semesters which is about a year. Proposal will be completed at the end of the first 6 months. The questionnaires and findings will be completed in the next 6 months. Subject of the research The subject of this study is on the level of awareness of children rights among the primary pupils in Smk.St.Mary Limbahau Papar Significance of the study From the research, the level of awareness of children rights among primary pupil can be determined. Apart from that, it also can determine which gender has high level of awareness. Towards the end of this research it will determine how far the right to participate in decision making is exercised. This study is also as a platform to suggest possible ways to increase awareness among the primary pupil. Definition of Key Terms 1.6.1 Children According to the Children Act Of 2001, children is a person under the age of eighteen years; and in relation to criminal proceedings, means a person who has attained the age of criminal responsibility 1.6.2 Right Oxford defines right as a moral or legal claim to have or get or to behave in a particular way. 1.6.3 Children Right According to Wikipedia, childrens rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to the young, including their right to association with both biological parents, human identity as well as the basic needs for food, universal state-paid education, health care and criminal laws appropriate for the age and development of the child. Interpretations of childrens rights range from allowing children the capacity for autonomous action to the enforcement of children being physically, mentally and emotionally free from abuse, though what constitutes abuse is a matter of debate. Other definitions include the rights to care and nurturing. 1.6.4 Convention on the Right of the Child According to Wikipedia, Convention on the Right of the Child is a human rights treaty setting out the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of children. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Literature Review John Fitzgerald Kennedy states that children are the worlds most valuable resource and its best hope for the future (Thinkexist.com: John Fitzgerald Kennedy quotes). The children have to be mould into a shape that would benefit our country in the future. Therefore, to avoid the children from being exploited by irresponsible parties, Children Right has to be promoted to the parties that are closely related to the children life, which are parents and schools. Article 42 of the Convention on the Right of the Child, requires States Parties to publicize its principles and provisions to children, young people, parents and care givers, and every one working with children and young people (Ejieh, 2009). Besides, the children also must be aware about their right. Oduolowu and Ogunyemi (2001) observes that: There is no duty more important than ensuring that their (childrens) rights are respected, that their welfare is protected, that their lives are free from fear and want and that they grow u p in peace. This study is conducted to determine the level of awareness among the primary pupil and their practice of the right to participate. Article 12 of the Convention specifically states that children have a right to be heard in matters that affect them and to have their opinions taken into account according to their age and level of maturity. Elaborating on the implications of this article UNICEF India (n.d.) states that children and young people have the right to participate in family decisions, in school and class decisions, in faith communities and even in the UN, among other organizations and groups (Ejieh, 2009). A research conducted by Felicity McArdle and Barbara Piscitelli covers the three variables, such as home or parents, schools or teachers and the society. In their research they visited four schools in the Brisbane region to talk with five to twelve year old children about their rights and to encourage them to depict their views of their rights. They found that parents involvement in awareness program is crucial. This is because many parents have a great deal to offer the program in their own life experiences. Always remind the children that, while it is commendable to protect their own rights, they must also consider the rights of others. Make sure they know that having rights also means having responsibilities (Pettman, 1984). Another finding that they got that involving to the teachers support to create awareness in the children. If children are not shown respect for their opinions, interests, and culture, they cannot learn positive ways of interacting with each other and those wit h whom they come in contact. Many incidents occur when young children need help in resolving conflicts, sharing, dealing with hurt, learning to cooperate and be part of a group. By encouraging a Rights environment in the setting, and introducing a Rights vocabulary, teachers can assist the children in developing a sense of community, and respect for others rights, as well as an awareness of their own rights. Apart from that, it shows that participation in group games might assist in the understanding of rules and rights. Some rules are for safety, some for cooperation and courtesy, some for protection of people and their rights or property. Many people in our community feel threatened by the idea that children have rights (Piscitelli Frey, 1997). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child where it is clearly stated that the family, as the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and welI being of all its members and particularly children, should be afforded the necessary protection and assistance so that it can fully assume its responsibilities in the community and recognizes that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his of her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding (UNICEF, 1997). Participation rights are the most controversial of UNCROC rights, and have often been interpreted as applying only to older children. UNCROC stated that these rights should apply depending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦on the age and maturity of the child (Layland, 2009). Yet other researchers (Carr, 2001; Flekkà ¸y Kaufman, 1997; Smith, 2000, 2002) have suggested that younger children too are developing agency, and that their learning is enhanced if they are able to exercise it. By educating the young to participate can bring many benefits to the country in the future. In some countries it has been found that participation by young people not only contributes to building civil society and strengthening democracy but it also, in addition to other benefits, fosters learning and enables them to build life skills (Cook, Blanchet-Cohen, Hart, 2004). Findings have shown that the training, care and exposure which a child is given at home and school during the formative years have lasting effects on their school achievement (Balli, 1997). This implies that home-school cooperation is very crucial for improved and better behaviour as well as achievement in childrens school subject. Meanwhile the societies that are sometimes represented by the media are undoubtedly persuasive instruments in mans struggle for self liberation and development. With respect to child rights issue, the media most especially television medium coverage has been used as weapon of awareness creation (Awosola, 2008). The denial of participation to children also diminishes the society in which they live, whereas the active participation by children has been shown to stimulate community development and change (Hart, 1992). 2.2 Conceptual Framework Independent Variable Home Dependent Variable Children right awareness and participation School Society Figure 1.0 2.2 Independent Variable 2.2.1 Home Education begins in the home and continues there through primary school, which is the ideal place for laying the foundation for in all round development type of education (Sarah, 2009). The parent plays important roles to instill the awareness of the child right as they are the closes to their children. The children may have a basis of awareness to the right if their parents are doing their responsibility to educate their children at early age even before the child are at the age of schooling. The practices of right to participate at home are the early steps to give awareness to the children. 2.2.2 School School is referring to the teachers. They as accredited educators are also responsible to give awareness to the children about their right. This can be seen through an exercise of the right to participate in school activities. 2.2.3 Society It is also known as community. This refers to the scope other than at home and schools environment. As children are a part of the society, therefore the societies are responsible to provide awareness of the children right. 2.3 Dependent Variable Awareness of the children towards their rights is dependent on the people closely related to them which are their parents, teachers and the society. The level of awareness can be seen in the practice of one of their rights, that is, right to participate. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD Research design For the purpose of this study, the research design will be distribution of questionnaires. The research demands for information from the pupil. Type of approach is supplemented by a questionnaire survey. Unit of analysis This study is to know about the level of awareness of Children Right among primary pupil, thus the unit of analysis will be primary pupil in SMK.ST.Mary Limbahau Papar. Sample size The sample size for the study is 100 respondents. Sampling technique SMK.st.Mary Limbahau Papar will be selected for detailed analysis on the level of awareness of Children Right among primary pupil. The type of sampling is convenient sampling which involve selection on the unit of analysis. In addition, there will be a predetermined quota for male and female. Measurement or Instrumentation The questionnaire will be structured into 3 sections. Data Collection Basically, there are two method used for the collection. Those are primary data collection and secondary data collection. Primary data is a data which collected originally by the researcher based on his effort. Example, the data for this study will be collected through questionnaire to the focus group. This method was chosen because the designed questionnaire could be sent personally to them in a limited time and they have to return it back on that time. While, secondary data is the information which is already in existence that related to the study. It includes the data from the journal, book, and internet search. For this study, both of the data collection method is being used so that it will be help in term of an understanding and the accuracy of information that will be received. Data Analysis The data analysis for this study conducted through Statistical Package for Social Science software or SPSS version 17.0 which use the descriptive analysis and also crosstab. SPSS will be used as medium to analyze the data where the raw will be entered in the computer as a data file. By using the tools, any missing value can easily be identified. The tool will help in analyzing data such as table, figure also percentage.

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Sexual Abuse according to the Mississippi Department of Human services (Services, 2009)is any inappropriate touching by a friend, family member, anyone having on-going contact and/or a stranger. Inappropriate touching could include touching a child in their genital area. Penetrating a child vaginal or orally. Allowing a child to view pornography or perform it. An adult selling a child into prostitution for money, drugs. Have a child engage in oral sex acts. Having an adult masturbating and/or having sexual intercourse in front of a child. Older youth or adults may force a middle childhood child into participating in these acts by threatening them, or people they care about such as their parents (Services, 2009). According to Gateway, Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect,( 2009) not all children that are victims of sexual assault will have behavior problems or difficulties. The victims that do have difficulties coping with the sexual assault are often are emotionally and traumatized by the person who has abused them. There can be both short and long-term effects, which may result from such abuse, including intense shame, low self-esteem, grief, anger, depression, anxiety. They could show signs of mistrust of adults, feelings of anger and hostility, and difficulties in getting along with peers. Younger children may have sleep difficulties, loss of appetite, and generalized fearfulness and anxiety. Abused girls often enter into unhealthy relationships and many become promiscuous. Additionally, if the abuse occurred in middle childhood, ages 6-12, the victim may develop false memories that the abuse ever occurred; be in denial; or be unaware that the type of experience was determin ed to be sexual abuse. According to Mc... ...munities are less than in the larger communities so it is best when in practice to have a list of available resources ready for the needs of the clients. Clients are going to have trust issues and some of the family members could have trust issues especially if the abuser is a trusted family member. When in practice is important to remember this is a traumatic event in their family. Some clients may need more help from the worker than others may. When in practice, if working with a child in the middle childhood, it is essential of the patience and working with that client on their cognitive development. Remember their developmental stages to work on even with this if the victim is developmentally delayed make sure to work on the developmental stage there are cognitively not numerically. Always when preparing to work with clients to work with them on their level.